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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic is a life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality rate in Iran. Based on several studies, COVID-19 clinical outcomes are associated with co-morbidities, such as Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). It appears that there is a relationship between the COVID-19 prognosis and the existence of CVD-related risk factors, for instance hypertension, obesity, diabetes, etc. Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the relationship between CVD risk factors and COVID-19 with a total of 100 participants in Imam Khomeini hospital, Tehran, Iran. A checklist of anthropometric and prognostic information was filled for each patient and finally the data were analyzed. Results: There was a statistically significant dependence between hospitalization in ICU, reservoir bag-mask, intubation, life-threatening complications, and the final outcome (p<0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between CVD risk factors and prognostic parameters like length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) hospitalization, the requirement to reserve bag-mask oxygenation, etc. Conclusion: In this investigation, no significant association was observed between CVD-related risk factors and COVID-19 prognosis among Iranian adult COVID-19 cases. Copyright © 2023, Journal of Iranian Medical Council. All rights reserved. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Objective: To see the impact of Covid-19 on the morphology of cataract during lockdown. Study Design: Observational and interventional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Niazi Medical and Dental College from 1st April 2020 to 30th September 2020. Methodology: All the patients of eye related complaints were referred to eye department from emergency of hospital after screening them for Covid-19 suspected symptoms as well as patients coming directly to eye OPD from reception. Patients suffering from phacomorphic, phacolytic glaucoma and cataract of every type except traumatic type were included. Results: The ratio of males and females patients was almost equal because cataract is a common age related problem in both sexes. Due to lock down there is a significant increase in the number of mature cataract as well as phacomorpic and phacolytic glaucoma which was decreased for last many years .Although the awareness increased regarding cataract surgery but due to stop of elective work like other specialties and COVID 19 become the focus point the morphology of cataract changed (mature and hypermature), complicated cataract (phacomorphic, phacolytic glaucoma) irrespective of socioeconomic status of patients. Conclusion: During lockdown period there is increase in the maturity of cataracts and secondary glaucoma (phacolytic, phacomorphic). Although this pattern of cataract presentation has been decreased for last many years but due to covid 19 strong lock down occur and this pattern was again observed.
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The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is causing a global health crisis, which has inevitably led to a worldwide economic slowdown. In Malaysia, the small business sector is most affected by the movement control order (MCO). The MCO has caused the closure of the retail and transport sectors that has sharply curtailed the daily operations of the majority of small entrepreneurs, leading to a loss in income. However, if small business communities make optimal use of digital applications for their business activities, their income will be less affected by the current Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the everyday use of ICT has the potential to create numerous landscape improvement and business continuity, specifically for small and medium entrepreneurs (SMEs). This, in turn, would increase community participation in entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is crucial to study the role of digital marketing in strengthening new business norms among small entrepreneurs during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is also imperative to identify other factors that can help boost digital business. This research examined the relationship between ICT use in empowering rural entrepreneurs during MCO in Malaysia. The study design consisted of a quantitative form for each research instrument using the Google Form online survey. This study's sample was selected using a particular sampling method (purposive sampling) and snowball sampling (snowball sampling) involving 158 small rural entrepreneurs in Penang, Malaysia. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27.0 software. The findings showed that the respondents navigated the Covid-19 pandemic by carrying out business activities on the digital platform and took full advantage of the ICT applications as part of their new business norms. This study can provide input for the government to formulate strategies related to ICT in increasing awareness among rural entrepreneurs. Additionally, the input of this study can offer programs and activities to further enhance the entrepreneurs' skills in using ICT. © 2021 Abdul Rashid et al.. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
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COVID-19 infectious disease is caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus. This hitherto unknown virus and disease outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. COVID-19 pandemic has affected many countries globally. This infection has caused myriad deaths on daily basis. Therapeutic options are currently limited. It has been revealed that COVID19 binds to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter the host cells. ACE2, which was discovered in 2000 and is virtually presents in all tissues with relatively higher expression in respiratory epithelial cells, alveolar cells type I and II, oral cavity, kidney, testis, and intestines. Targeting ACE2 receptors may open a new potential therapeutic window for the treatment of COVID-19 before patients enter the irreversible stages. © 2021, Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldis din Arad. All rights reserved.
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Aim: Whole genome and peptide mutation analysis can specify effective vaccine and therapeutics against severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Materials & methods: Whole genome similarity for Bangladeshi SARS-CoV-2 was determined using ClustalW and BLASTn. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using neighbor-joining method. Results: 100% of isolates in Bangladesh were in the G clade. We found 99.98-100% sequence similarity among Bangladeshi isolates and isolates of England, Greece, USA, Saudi Arabia and India. Deletion of bases at 5 ' untranslated region and 3 ' untranslated region was detected. Substitution 261 (E -> D) at NSP13 and 1109 (F -> L) at spike (S) protein were detected. Substitution 377 (D -> G) at nucleocapsid with common substitution 614 (D -> G) at S were also detected. Conclusion: This study will provide baseline data for development of an effective vaccine or therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
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Background & Objectives: Since COVID-19 outbreak, and the first confirmed case in Pakistan, Pakistani government, media and health departments made significant efforts to ensure that the people stay at homes to avoid massive spread of COVID-19. Our study aimed to fill the existing gaps in knowledge and research based upon clinical symptoms and gender association of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) among different age groups in Punjab Pakistan. Methodology: Current cohort study was designed at Centre For Human Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra and conducted at Provisional Public Health Reference Lab, Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department Lahore-Pakistan. Results: Based on set objectives males were more prone (76%) to COVID-19 then females (24%) from one hundred confirmed cases of SARS-Co-2 enrolled study participants. In comparison to older age participants and children’s youngsters (16-30-y age) were at greater risk 35% of COVID-19 infection with mean age of 34.23 ≈ 1.60 ± (P < 0.05). Only 13% cases with no visible symptoms of SARS-Co-2 were tested positive for COVID-19 PCR test. Spread patterns of COVID-19 are ultimately based upon exposure to COVID-19 and irrespective of any immunological association reported yet. Conclusion: we recommend country leadership, media houses and researchers to understand differences in age wise spread patterns of (COVID-19) versus age wise mortality patterns of COVID-19 to educate the common public accordingly.